In the context of CPI, what does 'dual use' refer to?

In the context of Counter-Proliferation Initiatives (CPI), 'dual use' specifically refers to items that can be utilized for both civilian and military applications. This concept plays a crucial role in understanding how certain technologies or materials can be used in ways that may benefit civilian industries or infrastructure while also having the potential to be leveraged for military objectives.

For instance, certain types of chemicals, machinery, or software may be designed for peaceful purposes but could also contribute to the development of weapons or military capabilities if diverted from their intended use. Recognizing and controlling dual-use items is essential for preventing proliferation and ensuring that sensitive technologies do not contribute to instability or conflict.

While other options address various aspects of item usage and regulation, they do not capture this critical dual-purpose nature that is at the heart of the 'dual use' concept in CPI. Items restricted solely for military use, commercially available items, and those requiring no export license do not embody the cross-functional potential that defines dual-use products.