What type of export involves transferring a commodity to an unauthorized foreign national in the U.S.?

The concept of "deemed export" refers specifically to the transfer of controlled technology or technical data to a foreign national, even if that transfer takes place within the United States. This means that if a foreign national in the U.S. has access to certain knowledge, software, or technology that is subject to export controls, it is treated as though the export has occurred to their home country. As a result, a deemed export would require the appropriate licenses or permissions to ensure compliance with U.S. export laws.

In contrast, direct exports involve shipping goods directly to a foreign destination, while classified exports pertain to items that are classified for national security reasons. Transshipment exports refer to goods being transported through a third country before reaching their final destination. Therefore, deemed export is the correct answer as it specifically addresses the unauthorized transfer of regulated commodities to foreign nationals within the U.S.